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Research Theme

Antimicrobial Resistance and Modernising Microbiology

Home > Research Themes > Antimicrobial Resistance and Modernising Microbiology > IORD Projects

IORD – Ongoing approved projects and project outputs

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Identifying “at-risk” populations for E. coli bacteraemias

IORD categorisation: Specific Infections, Specific Pathogens

Since June 2011, every bloodstream infection caused by a bacteria called Escherichia coli (E. coli) has to be reported to the UK Health Security Agency. Monthly counts are published regularly, as well as annual reports describing the overall trend, distribution by age and sex, and geographic distribution by NHS trust. Having a system in place … Read more

Analysis of 5 year trends in respiratory virus infections of haematology inpatients at Oxford University Hospitals

IORD categorisation: Specific Infections, Specific Pathogens

Respiratory viral infections can cause serious illnesses in patients with weakened immune systems, such as those who have undergone a bone marrow transplant, or are undergoing chemotherapy for blood cancers. The Haematology department at Oxford University Hospitals (OUH) routinely tests for these viruses if patients are admitted with symptoms suggestive of infection like breathlessness or … Read more

An epidemiological review of paediatric respiratory viruses in acute hospital presentations with respiratory symptoms

IORD categorisation: Specific Infections, Specific Pathogens

Respiratory viral pathogens have long been known to be responsible for a large burden of seasonal acute paediatric emergency department presentations. We are investigating the local epidemiology of these viral agents which prompt emergency department presentation. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the need to understand the process of virus propagation within the community. Greater understanding … Read more

Impact of antibiotics on detection and transmission of MRSA

IORD categorisation: Antimicrobial Resistance and Antibiotics, Specific Pathogens

Antibiotics are commonly used to treat infections, but they may also affect how other infections are detected and transmitted. MRSA is a potentially serious healthcare-associated infection. Over the past decade there has been major progress in reducing the number of patients who carry MRSA on their skin and other body sites, and in reducing infections … Read more

PREDICTS’: Prognosis and Risk Evaluation, Determined from Influenza CT Scores

IORD categorisation: Specific Pathogens

Every year, influenza virus causes significant illness globally. Many people are admitted to the John Radcliffe hospital with the virus and tested using molecular test. Currently, we do not use all the information that the test provides. This study aims to use the extra information from the current test (called the CT value) to work … Read more

Investigating overlap between Enterobacteriaceae isolated from wastewater environments and patients

IORD categorisation: Specific Pathogens

There are increasing numbers of reports of micro-organisms that can cause human infections being found in wastewater environments, like sinks, drains and toilets. These could potentially be transmitted to unwell people in hospitals. However, whether this really occurs is unclear. We have sequenced all the genetic variation of micro-organisms found in sinks in some hospital … Read more

Investigating transmission of influenza in the Oxford University Hospitals

IORD categorisation: Specific Pathogens

Every year influenza (‘flu’) puts a major strain on UK hospitals. Whilst many patients are admitted with influenza, other patients can get it during their hospital stay. This is because it is very easy to transmit, and it is not always obvious who has flu. We are using genetic sequencing to work out the ‘letters’ … Read more

What is driving changes in the incidence of E. coli bloodstream infections in Oxfordshire?

IORD categorisation: Specific Pathogens

Across England, the number of bloodstream infections caused by a group of bacteria which include ‘Esherichia coli’ (E. coli) and ‘Klebsiella pneuomoniae’ (K. pneumoniae) has been rising significantly for the last few years. A recent investigation by our group using the IORD database has in addition revealed that antibiotic resistance in these infections is also … Read more

What is driving changes in the incidence of Streptococcal infections in Oxfordshire?

IORD categorisation: Specific Pathogens

Across England, the number of infections caused by a family of bacteria called Streptococcus have been rising strongly for the last few years. However, the reasons behind these increases are not well understood at the moment. We plan to use the extra information in the IORD database to look at some different reasons why these … Read more

Impact on gram-negative bacteraemia of empirically prescribed antibiotics

IORD categorisation: Specific Pathogens

Antibiotics are prescribed when sick patients arrive at hospital, before doctors know what kind of bacteria is causing an infection and what antibiotics it might be resistant to. Even when a bacteria is identified as causing an infection, it is labelled as “resistant” (R) or “susceptible” (S) based on fairly arbitrary definitions. However, resistance is … Read more

Investigation into novel outbreak with Candida auris

IORD categorisation: Specific Pathogens

Recently a fungus called Candida auris, resistant to multiple antifungal treatments, emerged globally. It is related to the family that causes thrush, Candida albicans, but behaves differently, usually infecting or colonizing patients in intensive care facilities. This organism is now colonizing patients on a ward in Oxford, the Neurosciences Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Little information … Read more

What is driving changes in the incidence of E. coli bloodstream infections in Oxfordshire?

IORD categorisation: Specific Pathogens

Across England, the number of bloodstream infections caused by a bacteria called ‘Esherichia coli’ (E. coli) have been rising strongly for the last few years. However, the reasons behind these increases are not well understood at the moment. We plan to use the extra information in the IORD database to look at some different reasons … Read more

Trends in bacterial pathogens, antibiotic resistance, antibiotic usage and patient outcomes in critical care in the Oxford University NHS Trust hospitals, 1999-2014

IORD categorisation: Antimicrobial Resistance and Antibiotics, Electronic Health Records, Specific Pathogens

Antibiotics are medicines that are hugely important in treating many infections, and antibiotic resistance is a major clinical problem. Research has shown that increased use of antibiotics, whether appropriate or inappropriate, seems to be associated with higher numbers of antibiotic-resistant infections. To develop the best treatment strategies, it is important to understand which bacteria (bugs) … Read more

Determining patterns of Gram Negative resistance and their genetic basis

IORD categorisation: Specific Pathogens

Our knowledge of resistance of bacteria, such as E. coli, to antibiotic drugs is incomplete. An understanding of how such resistance is passed on from generation to generation of bacteria is important in helping us to determine which drugs should be given to patients, and in helping us formulate new drugs. This project aims to … Read more

Incidence and outcomes following C. difficile infections in Oxfordshire, and predictors of poor outcomes

IORD categorisation: Specific Pathogens

This project aims to estimate the incidence of C. difficile infection in Oxfordshire, inside and outside hospitals (inpatient, outpatient/day case/A&E, community), over calendar time, analysing the trends to identify potential new strains (as measured by multi-locus sequence type, MLST) threatening the health of Oxfordshire residents. We will also explore whether and how outcomes following C. … Read more

C. difficile recurrence: incidence, predictors and risk scores

IORD categorisation: Specific Pathogens

This project focusses on patients who do not recover straightaway from C. difficile, but in whom either initial treatment for the infection does not work, or in whom the infection comes back (termed “recurrence” of infection). We want to work how often C. difficile recurrence happens, and how long does this typically take. We will … Read more

C. difficile transmission in Oxfordshire hospitals 2006-2009 using Markov Chain Monte Carlo estimation and information from patients not tested for C. difficile

IORD categorisation: Specific Pathogens

See publication: Probabilistic transmission models incorporating sequencing data for healthcare-associated Clostridioides difficile outperform heuristic rules and identify strain-specific differences in transmission

S. aureus transmission in ITU, Trauma, Geratology and Vascular specialities in the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford 2009-

IORD categorisation: Specific Pathogens

Analysis of 2009/10 Hospital Norovirus outbreak

IORD categorisation: Specific Pathogens

Mortality following invasive pneumococcal disease in Oxfordshire 1995-2010

IORD categorisation: Specific Pathogens

C. difficile testing specificity in Oxfordshire 1997-2009

IORD categorisation: Specific Pathogens

C. difficile transmission in Oxfordshire hospitals 2006-2009

IORD categorisation: Specific Pathogens

Summary of findings: In an endemic setting, with well-implemented infection control measures, ward-based contact with other patients with C. difficile diarrhoea cannot account for the majority of new cases – no more than 25% of new cases in Oxfordshire over 2 years could be linked to a previous source based on strain-typing and ward movements. … Read more

Incidence of and competition between different pathogens isolated from blood and other sterile sites in Oxfordshire 1997-2009

IORD categorisation: Specific Pathogens

Competition between MRSA and MSSA at an individual level in Oxfordshire 1997-2009

IORD categorisation: Specific Pathogens

MRSA incidence 1998-2009

IORD categorisation: Specific Pathogens

Summary of findings: Rates of MRSA infection in blood and other sites were falling before intensification of infection-control measures in 2006. This, together with strain-specific changes in MRSA isolation, strongly suggests that incompletely understood biological factors are responsible for the much recent variation in MRSA isolation. A major, mainly meticillin-sensitive, S aureus burden remains. See … Read more

Klebsiella in Oxfordshire 1998-2009

IORD categorisation: Specific Pathogens

Nosocomial MRSA endemicity: addition or replacement (multi-centre, multi-cohort study)

IORD categorisation: Specific Pathogens

Summary of findings: Trends in the rates of serious bloodstream infections caused by antibiotic-sensitive microbes were similar between 1998-2007 across 14 hospitals in Europe, but rates of serious bloodstream infections caused by antibiotic-resistant microbes increased much more in hospitals in countries were antibiotic resistance is in endemic. So antibiotic-resistant infections increase the total disease burden, … Read more

Antimicrobial Resistance and Modernising Microbiology Theme

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  • Infections in Oxfordshire Research Database (IORD)
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